History of Juventus Essay

Edoardo Agnelli of the Agnelli family, owners of the Fiat company gained control of the club in 1923.[7] They had a private stadium in Villar Perosa (south-west of Turin) built and a complete set of facilities and services. This proved a good move for the club, as Juventus won their second Italian Championship during the 1925-26 season; they beat Alba Roma in the final with an aggregate score of 12-1, Antonio Vojak’s goals were essential that season.[5] From the 1930-31 through the 1934-35 season, Juventus collected a record of five consecutive Italian league championships, four of which were under coach Carlo Carcano;[5] the squad included the likes of Raimundo Orsi, Luigi Bertolini, Giovanni Ferrari and Luis Monti amongst others. Notably, the club reached the semi-finals of the Mitropa Cup before going out to Czechoslovakian side Slavia Prague.[8] During 1933, Juventus moved to what is considered their first major home; Stadio Benito Mussolini, it was built in 1933 for the 1934 FIFA World Cup, holding a capacity of 65,000.[9] It was originally named after Benito Mussolini who was Prime Minister of Italy at the time. Edoardo Agnelli died on 14 July 1935, this affected the club’s league performance in a large manner as some of the most prominent players left soon after his death. Although the club were unable to re-capture their form for the rest of the 1930s, they did finish as runners-up to Ambrosiana-Inter in the 1937-38 season.[5] After-World War II the club’s ground was renamed, Stadio Comunale and Edoardo’s son Gianni Agnelli was put in place as honorary president;[7] the club added two more scudetto championship’s to their name in the 1949-50 and 1951-52 seasons, the latter of which was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver. This kind of form would be a sign of things to come in the future. After a dry spell, Juventus signed Welshman John Charles and Italo-Argentine Omar Sivori in 1957 to play alongside Giampiero Boniperti (who had been with the club since 1946). This system was very successful for Juventus and they won Serie A in 1957-58 and 1959-60 with Fiorentina finishing second on both occasions, the latter of which was Juventus’ first ever double, as they also won the Coppa Italia that season. This record breaking squad became the first Italian clubs to win ten championships in 1961, in recognition of this the club were awarded a Golden Star for Sport Excellence (Stella d’Oro al Merito Sportivo) to wear on their shirt. Notably, Omar Sivori became the first Juventus player to win the European Footballer of the Year that year too.[10] When Boniperti retired in 1961, he retired as the all-time top scorer at the club, with 182 goals in all competitions; a club record which would last for 45 years. The last Juventus championship victory came with Heriberto Herrera as coach in 1966-67,[5] a notable players of this time was the reliable defender Sandro Salvadore. Juventus further solidified themselves as a tower of strength in Italian football during the 1970s by winning the scudetto in 1971-72, 1972-73, 1974-75 and 1976-77,[5] as well as reaching the 1973 European Cup Final where they lost to Ajax. Coached in the early part of the decade by ÄÅ'estmà ­r Vycpà ¡lek, a Czech who had once played with Juventus (and Palermo), the Old Lady built up a strong squad of players to push them forward, with Gaetano Scirea, Dino Zoff, Roberto Bettega, Fabio Capello, and Brazilian Josà © Altafini who would become the joint-third highest scorer in Serie A history.[11] Franco Causio also became a very popular player at the club during the 1970s, in fact he was so popular that the club allowed him to wear his hair long, prior to Causio this was against the rules.[12] The club also provided the team with official formal wear (made by famous tailors) and forced them to complete their educational studies. Most of its players remained with Juventus until the end of their careers; many were given jobs with the club or for Fiat (and related companies) after playing retirement.

The Evolution Of American Slavery

Indentured servitude was, in Colonial America, one of the first forms of slavery. Indentured servitude was a successful in that it gave both the master and servant, or slave, incentive to do their job. Indentured servants were contracted in for a period of time, typically five years, in which at the time of completion they received freedom dues. Freedom dues were money, land, and guns and such. All expenses of travel and living were paid by the master, so it seemed like a great plan for a poor Englishmen, but was not at all the case. Only forty percent of indentured reverts lived to complete their contracts.Following indentured servants, the first African slaves came into Virginia in 1619. Colonial America would soon fall dependent upon African slaves, and by 1 700 African slave establishment would nearly entirely replace indentured servants. In this year there were around 27,81 7 slaves. In 1740, there were 1 50,024 slaves. Within thirty years after the slave population had grown to nearly a fifth of the colonial population, at 462,000. The European demand for tobacco soon became a primary drive for slaveholders. It is estimated that between 1700 and 1 775 theChesapeake slave population grew from 1 to 1 million. Tobacco became a major economic factor, and slaves were needed to farm the large amounts desired to export. This brought a higher demand for slaves as well. The population of saves began to grow everywhere. As slave numbers increased, so the racial difference between blacks and whites. Slaves had poor conditions most of the timer and in result came revolts and abolition movements. The most well known revolt was led by Nat Turner, a slave and preacher. The revolt was a short and bloody attack on Southampton County, Virginia.Revolts were usually covered before they ever actually took action. Acts like these were not tolerated, and all people involved were to be hung. Cases were brought to the Supreme Court in the defense of and removal of slavery. Cases backing the removal of slavery usually lost. One example was the Dried Scott Case. It was ruled that Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in the states, and also stated that slaves were not citizens so therefore held no rights in America. Slavery was eventually abolished completely by President Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation and the declaring of the ThirteenthAmendment. Although Lincoln was assassinated before it was passed, it was passed and put into effect soon after the Civil War. The evolution of slavery in America was a long and complicated issue. From Start to finish, slavery had its perks and downfalls. It was a unfortunate institution for many, and brought many differences throughout its expansion and growth. However, it was necessary in the upbringing of the United States, and so was its abolishment. We still the effects of our past today, and perhaps always will as long as it is studied, as it should.

Needs of Customer Essay

When customers walk into a restaurant, whether it is McDonald’s or Chez Pierre, they expect to be acknowledged. This is a small service, but it is imperative to the success of the restaurant, as customers who are not greeted may simply walk out and eat somewhere else. The type of host a restaurant has will depend on the type of restaurant it is as well as how busy it is. Some restaurants pay hosts to greet customers, call names off waiting lists and walk customers to their tables. In other restaurants, management and wait staff take over this duty. Regardless of what you can afford for your restaurant, always make sure someone has the responsibility of greeting the guests and that person knows it is her responsibility. Wait Staff When customers go to a restaurant, they expect a good wait staff, unless they are dining at a fast-food chain. Even then, customers expect the counter workers to get their orders right in an appropriate amount of time and solve problems quickly and courteously. In traditional, sit-down restaurants, customers expect the wait staff to be attentive, but not too attentive. Wait staff should not hover or interrupt, but they also should come back frequently enough to attend to their customers’ needs. In addition, they should bring food in a timely manner and handle problems, such as food that has been sent back pleasantly. Customers also expect wait staff to be friendly and personable. Environment Customers usually go to restaurants to meet with others socially in a friendly environment. Although environment is not usually considered a service, service plays a large role in creating a good environment. In addition to making sure the restaurant is clean, attractive and the decor is consistent with the food and restaurant’s image, restaurant owners need to tell their staff it’s OK to let guests linger. Wait staff should not hint that it is time for the guests to go. For example, they should not rush the food to the table unless the customer requests it. They also should not start to clean nearby tables in an obvious manner or wait for customers to get out their money to pay the check. To the contrary, wait staff should say things like, â€Å"Feel free to chat as long as you like — let me know if you’ll need some dessert or a drink refill. † Food and Drink Probably the most important service that a customer expects to receive when dining out is a good selection of delicious and well-presented food. According to London wine writer Jamie Goode, it is more important that food be simple and good tasting, made with quality ingredients, than to be fancy or pretentious. Goode also notes that customers expect a large wine selection that is not overpriced. Furthermore, customers expect food to be consistent with the image of the restaurant. Customers who are dining at a family restaurant, for example, expect sandwiches, traditional dinners and moderate prices. At a more elegant restaurant, prices can be higher but food needs to be more of the gourmet variety.

Media Law Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Law Assignment - Research Paper Example Bruce would minister to his father on the phone and his stepmother Edie would listen quietly. One morning Edie asked Bruce questions about Jesus and she agreed to receive Jesus. The complainant's allegation was that the newsletter had published the story online, and one of Edith's relatives had seen it. Edith Rapp claimed that Jews for Jesus falsely alleged that she had joined their organization. In the alternative, the complainant alleged that the organization had meant that she had come to believe in the philosophy, actions and tenet of Jews for Jesus. In her second amended complaint, Edith alleged among others, false light. The court at trial allowed Jews for Jesus to have the complaint dismissed, and several paragraphs to be struck from the complaint as the Fourth District court had said that the paragraphs were primarily polemical ' against Jews for Jesus. The trial court dismissed all the subsequent complaints by Edith Rapp. On appeal, the Fourth District addressed the issue of Rapp's dismissed claims. With regard to defamation, the court was of the view that the 'common mind' reading the newsletter would not find Edith an object of among others, ridicule. The court’s conclusion was communication would only be defamatory if the plaintiff was prejudiced in the eyes of "substantial and respectable minority of the community." The conclusion of the court was that the standard had not been applied. Nevertheless, the court affirmed the dismissal of his defamation claim on the basis of the community standard applicable. False light had its origin in the common law tort of invasion of privacy. William L. Prosser, a leading scholar in tort law expounded on the tort of invasion of privacy developed this area of law. Prosser's proposal was that invasion of privacy was made of four torts, which were distinct, and among them was false light. The Supreme Court found that elements of false light and defamation overlap. The Supreme Court argued that having the tes t of "highly offensive to a reasonable person" standard has the risk of preventing free speech because the conduct, which is prohibited, is not very clear. It was the court's opinion that the law of tort is meant to prevent as well as recompense wrongful conduct, then it should be clear in identifying the wrongful conduct. The court thus found the tort of false light could not pass that test. The area in which this taught differed with defamation was ambiguous and prone to a lot of subjectivity. The court found that having "highly offensive" information recognized even when a reasonable person would find it highly offensive involved a component of subjectivity. Based on the court's review of the law in Florida and other jurisdictions, it stated that it could not ignore the overlap between defamation and false light. Though the court acknowledged that in a majority of the states does recognize false light as a cause of action, what was striking was the fact that the review of this de cision revealed that no case, in which judgment was solely based on false light cause of action has ever been successful. In conclusion, the court declined to recognize false light as a suitable cause of action in the state of Florida and quashed the Fourth District's decision in reinstating Rapp's false light claim. 2. Intrusion Intrusion is based how a person from the media behaves. Intrusion thus depends less on

Reexamining illegal Immigration under the labelling theory Research Paper

Reexamining illegal Immigration under the labelling theory - Research Paper Example This is the current situation at hand. Conservative Americans say that the government has coddled illegal immigrants far too long, and given the current bleak state of the US economy, this is prejudicial to ordinary Americans citizens. Those of immigrant heritage, on the other hand, particularly the Latinos, call for less stringent immigration measures, and continue to go to the US to escape the poverty and desperation in their home countries. Immigration policies are hotly contested and draw divisive lines across the nation. The past quarter has seen the administration of Barack Obama extend a hand to immigrants and counter the anti-immigration wave in the United States. In a news report dated August 19, 2011 by the Los Angeles Times (2011, Internet), the Obama administration was reported to make a commitment to review the cases of 300,000 illegal immigrants who are on deportation trials, and determining what was labeled as â€Å"low-priority† offenders. This includes the eld erly, victims of crimes, and generally those who would otherwise make contributions to American society as upstanding citizens. The review was announced by Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. This was widely seen as an effort by Obama to reach out to Latinos who helped him in his candidacy. It is also to be noted that Obama had deported â€Å"393,000 people in the 2010 fiscal year, with an overall deportation record that far exceeds his predecessor, George Bush.† (Foley, 2011, Internet). In another immigrant-friendly move, the Obama administration was also reported to have filed a lawsuit to block Alabama’s immigration law, said to be the toughest anti-illegal immigration set of policies... The study notifies that President Obama has been subjected to a lot of criticism as a result of his gestures towards illegal immigrants. This is because the general perception against the illegal immigrant population remains to be negative. They are perceived to be deviants. Certainly, they are going against their law by virtue of the fact that they are in a country when it is not legally permissible for them to be in it. However, the manner with which they have been portrayed or caricaturized by media and by the public at large goes beyond violation of the law. Indeed, stereotypes and labels are attached to them. But how did the labeling of illegal immigrants happen? It is important to note that the process of labeling begins at the behest of a ‘moral entrepreneur’, who makes a claim that some behavior or action is wrong and then makes new rules or code of conduct in order to stop that behavior or action, and punish the actor. They package their efforts as a moral crusa de, but what really happens is that â€Å"they add to the power they derive from the legitimacy of their moral position the power they derive from their superior position in society". In illegal immigration in the United States, the moral entrepreneurs were those who expressed objections to the unfettered entry of Mexicans into American soil, a phenomenon made complicated by the fact that many of the wealthy and powerful took advantage of the cheap labor provided by these immigrants. Bustamante presented a fascinating description of the beginnings or root of this labeling of illegal immigrants:

Analysing tourism and Hospitality Organisation Essay

Analysing tourism and Hospitality Organisation - Essay Example It is also considered to be one of the major divers towards the development of economic conditions and employment opportunities for both developing and developed countries in today’s modern day context. In UK, tourism and hospitality industry is regarded as a major business sector assisting towards the development of the economic conditions (Kapiki, 2012). Forecasting the advantages of rapidly growth demand in this particular sector, Thomas Cook Group Plc commenced its business operations in the year 1841. The company is one of the renowned and oldest British companies offering services in relation to leisure travel to the global customers. The company is observed to be serving around 23 million customers on an annual basis. The company is mainly focused on the process of transforming its business activities with the objective of offering customers with more innovative and superior quality services or innovative products. The major objective of the company is therefore confine d to attract customers or tourists to have a better tourism experience. The company seeks that its customers are offered with innovative and quality services. The ultimate aim of the company is to meet as well as provide services or products beyond the expectations of its targeted customers. The company with effective management of business operations has planned to improve profitability and reduce operational costs [1] (Thomas Cook, 2012). In this regard, Thomas Cook has planned and implemented various strategies with the intention of accomplishing the determined objectives or aims successfully. The company has developed strategies in relation to hotel concepts, ‘products and service innovation’, ‘single customer gateway’ and ‘execution supported by brand and technology’ which are being elaborated below. International Hotel Concept Thomas Cook has undertaken this strategy with the intention of expanding and developing its business operations i n the international market segments. Moreover, the company has adopted this strategy in order to collaborate with various international hotels. This strategy is expected to assist the company in offering better quality services and room facilities to customers. The company possesses various hotel concepts in continental as well as Northern European regions which include Sunwing, Smartline and Sentido. Furthermore, these hotels’ concepts are planned to be expanded in order to provide better accommodation services to customers [2] (Thomas Cook, 2013). Product and Service Innovation Thomas Cook has devised plans as well as strategies with the objective of offering better trusted and innovative products and/or services to its customers. The company, with the assistance of this strategy, aims at providing better packaged holiday programs for travellers along with better accommodation and travelling services. The customers are also offered with ‘high tech services’ to assist its customers in developing community relationships, where customers can share their experiences and investigate about the services delivered by the company. In this context, the company expects that customers will be able to identify the best services offered and will subsequently, motivate customers to make repeat purchases; thus, retaining the loyal buyers [2] (Thomas Cook, 2013). Single Customer Gateway Thomas Cook has formulated and adopted the strategy of Single Customer Gateway with the intention of facilitating customers to have access to a varied range of products

State and local week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State and local week 3 - Essay Example As well, as limits the age contribution of up to 25 dollars. Chapter 55 section 7A elaborates further on the individual’s contribution to candidates, as well as penalties and event expenditure controls. The state offers partial financing to the matching grants program. The state also set electronic disclosures requirements for the candidate and committees of all contributions. Regulation of the campaign financing is an area where the state could consider putting the requirements for donor disclosure. Additionally, change the very public financing for campaigns is paramount. Having a preliminary vote for approval of a party or candidate, for example, enroll 5% of the state members to the party can also help. The state could also drop the campaign finance. It could also eliminate or review disclosure exemptions for donations as it will help detect fraudulent schemes. Reforming the federal elections commission will also serve to change the

Poems that Speak of Men's Minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poems that Speak of Men's Minds - Essay Example Based on the titles alone, the two poems obviously talk about ball games. However, Updike is more specific in referring to basketball as he identifies the central character in his poem as a former basketball player. In contrast, Williams talks about the attitude of an audience at a ball game. Thus, although the two poems deal with the same subject matter, each has its own focus and each provides a different view of the human psyche. Comparing the two poems, Updike’s is easier to understand because of its style and language. Conversely, Williams’s use of metaphors makes the poem more difficult to comprehend yet more challenging to analyze. Updike is noted for the use of narration in his poems. Just like in his other poems, Updike uses a narrative element to express his view about ball games. The poem appears in free verse, making it easier to read and appear more realistic. The narrative element of the poem features the main character named Flick who used to be a basketb all player in high school. Like any story, the characterization is developed, giving the audience enough idea about Flick. The lines, â€Å"He was good: in fact, the best. In ’46/He bucketed three hundred ninety points† (14-15) prove the success of Flick as a basketball player. ... The persona claims that he has seen Flick set the records. This style makes the author appear as if he had known Flick since they were young, hence establishing the credibility of the writer in writing about the character and further persuading the audience to share the thoughts and feelings he has regarding the subject. Some lines of the poem talk about the achievements of Flick. These lines render a positive image of the character. However, the said lines are only used to emphasize the point of the author that there is no future in playing basketball or that a person’s popularity and skills in the field of sports will not make him win in life. To impart this message, Updike narrates how Flick ends up in blue-collared jobs working as a gas station boy, repairman, and diner despite his overwhelming basketball records. Updike does not actually elaborate on his personal views regarding the fate of Flick. Nevertheless, he uses irony and understatement to imply the bad luck that F lick ends up with. To illustrate his view, Updike uses understatement, thus: â€Å"He never learned a trade, he just sells gas, checks oil, and changes flats†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Updike 19-20). These lines do not exactly move the audience to sympathize with Flick. Rather, they present a sad ending that the author may have observed in people like Flick, those who were once popular in school but ended up unsuccessful because they do not have other skills or expertise aside from playing ball games. Updike elaborates his view by using imagery such as â€Å"Flick stands tall among the idiot pumps—â€Å"(Updike 13) â€Å"without a head at all† (Updike 18). This is an indirect comparison between Flick and

Kao Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kao Corporation - Case Study Example The older women consider the ease of use of diapers as a means of escape for the young mothers from working hard for their children (Kao Corporation 4). They consider the use of old clothes worn by the mothers as cloth diapers as a method of bonding between the mothers and the babies (Kao Corporation 3). This is especially true of the rural areas where, due to the joint family system, the older generation of women are actively involved in decision making concerning the younger couples (Kao Corporation 4). The fathers, on the other hand, are not involved with baby care as much as the ladies (Kao Corporation 4). Most of the diaper use is limited to the big metropolitan areas of Japan, like Tokyo (Kao Corporation 4); however, even in such markets, only fifteen percent of the potential households use disposable diapers (Kao Corporation 4). Other reasons of decreased use include the low quality of the diapers which can cause rash, high prices, cumbersome packaging requiring a lot of stora ge space, and diaper misfits with regard to baby size (Kao Corporation 5). When P & G launched their diaper brand, Pampers, in Japan in 1977, they faced several challenges and problems in marketing and sales, although still securing the majority of the market shares for diapers (Kao Corporation 1). The initial product quality of the Pampers was low, as they leaked and were not absorbent enough (Kao Corporation 5). This resulted in skin rash to the babies (Kao Corporation 5). Another reason for leaking was the inappropriate size of the diapers as compared to baby size, the size of the Pampers being often larger than was suitable, so that it was unable to fit, and so leaked (Kao

Professionalism project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professionalism project - Essay Example Sheng reckons that individuals, businesses, nonprofit organizations, and government can use managerial accounting to evaluate their business performance. More so, Sheng notes that managerial accounting follows no accounting standards or general principles and hence companies can choose specific tools and techniques for managing their businesses (Caplan 1). Sheng observed that business could implement managerial accounting by themselves or hire professional accountants with knowledge on management accounting to carry out this role. In Sheng’s case, her relative uses certain managerial accounting techniques to evaluate the business performance of the food store. Most importantly, Sheng says that various management accounting techniques help their family in making important management decisions. She named the techniques he relative uses that included budgets, variance analysis, target costing, activity based costing, just – in - time system, and break-even analysis. Sheng states that budgets are important in the food store as they create a financial road map for the management to follow while planning on how to spend business capital in the future. Sheng notes that the process of making the food store’s budget involves the analysis of past production figures, labor cost, and raw material costs used to do specific things in the business. She hence says that they use another technique called variance analysis to ensure that the management follows the budget and provides information on how to handle potential variances. Sheng states that variance analysis involves the calculation of variances on the assumed labor costs, and level of sales in the food store. As such, variance analysis helps the management of the food store to choose which department in the food store needs changes. On the other hand, Sheng state that her relative uses Just-in-time systems to ensure that supply of products to the food store takes

Non verbal communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Non verbal communication - Term Paper Example appearance. In this technique, I would just wear the clothes of cultures different from my own and see how this affects my experience of communication in a multicultural setting. In this paper, I have shared the results and have discussed in which experiments, this technique enhanced my ability to communicate across cultures and why. Rationale Today, we live in an increasingly multicultural and globalized world. Every day, we get to meet and socialize with people from backgrounds of many cultural varieties. Lack of foreign languages certainly hinders our ability to communicate across cultures. But at the same time, the importance of social networking across cultures in the contemporary age cannot be overstated. Be it school, office, or a restaurant, we have to encounter and communicate with people from other cultures and retreating from this is simply not an option. While verbal communication in the inter-cultural setting has been a much studied subject, the non-verbal communication in an inter-cultural setting remains a passive subject of research although it is no less important than the verbal communication. ... The researchers found that the research participants were more likely to identify the pictures of smiling people who were of their own ethnicity as compared to the pictures of people from other ethnicities. â€Å"People tend to favor a member of the in-group over an out-group member when distributing positive outcomes such as rewards to others†. 1 It so happens because of the fact that â€Å"[c]ulture strongly influences, and in many cases determines, our interpretations†.2 The famous Indian political leader Jawaharlal Nehru also emphasized upon developing an understanding of different cultures to be able to communicate better across cultures. â€Å"If we seek to understand a people, we have to try to put ourselves, as far as we can, in that particular historical and cultural background†¦If we wish to convince them, we have to use their language as far as we can, not language in the narrow sense of the word, but the language of the mind. That is one necessity† (Nehru cited in3). Adler states that there are certain non-verbal behaviors that can facilitate the conveyance of meaning between two or more people from different cultural backgrounds that include visual restatements, gestures, demonstration, pauses, and summaries. Description of my experiments For this research, I conducted three experiments in total in three different settings, one of which was a school, the other was a clothes’ shop, and the third was a wedding ceremony. One thing that was common between them was that all three were multicultural settings. Experiment 1 I conducted this experiment in my school on an event when students were allowed to dress up in the outfits of their

Difference and Soccer Essay Example for Free

Difference and Soccer Essay Basketball and Soccer In modern life, most people enjoy amazing sports. Two of most exciting and common sports to participate and appreciate are basketball and soccer. People can not only watch both of them on television, but they can also play them for recreation and health. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between these two sports. There are three aspects of these two sports: athletes, popularity, and equipment. The most noticeable difference between these two kinds of sports is their requirement of players. In conclusion, soccer and basketball use different equipments for athletes to compete. These are the three basic similarities and differences between basketball and soccer. As we can see, through the comparison above, people love these two kinds of sports because they contain good competitiveness based on fair principles. These two sports motivate people to keep fit and to be stronger. Thereby, basketball and football better annotate the proverb Life lies in the movement.

Moving and positioning an individual in healthcare

Moving and positioning an individual in healthcare Meaning and definition: Moving and handling is defined as any activity that connects pushing, pulling, carrying, lifting or moving where the above activities place people at danger and must not be carried out without thought and awareness to organizational policies and procedures. Moving and positioning is a significant area in health and social care as there are hundreds of injuries every year as a result of accidents acquired when we move people where an accident may cause serious injury to the individual being moved and have long term effects on the care worker carrying out the move, which may consequence in disability and pain for the rest of our lives. We should remember that injury can also be acquires as a result of not moving a non-living object properly (nvqresources.com). Elements of competence HSC360a prepare the equipment, the environment and the individual for moving and positioning: Before we carry out any activity at work that involves moving and handling we must be trained, to carry out the moves and also to ensure we have sufficient knowledge of our own body to work. Safely moving and handling incidents occur as a result of lack of awareness, slippery floors, lack of preparation, faulty equipment, lack of co-operation from the individual, poorly trained and ill prepared staff Health and safety measures( ) Health and safety measures: All features of health and safety are enclosed by legislation. Legislation of moving and handling: The legislation is based on the idea that the prevention of accidents or injury depends on the understanding of the risk factors in a particular work situation. The more traditional approach of attempting to prevent back pain by instructing people in the basic principles of how to lift is not sufficient. The relevant legislation covering moving and handling, equipment and risk assessment can be summarized as Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations) 1992, the provision and use of Workplace Equipment Regulations 1998, and the Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998(Cheshire East Council, 2009). We know that moving people safely is no exception. Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974: This legislation sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public, and employees have to themselves and to each other where the act explains that employers should have to make sure as far as rationally workable, the health, safety and welfare of their employees when employees are at work and any other persons will be affected by their business activities (HSE leaflet, 1996). Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992: This regulation was refined the act 1974 where Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 need employers to carry out risk assessments, recording the significant findings. Furthermore, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 also compels employers to make arrangements for implementing the health and safety measures identified as necessary by the risk assessment, appoint competent people (often themselves or company colleagues) to help them to implement the arrangements, set up emergency procedures provide clear information and training to employees, and work together with other employers sharing the same workplace (HSE leaflet, 1996). Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHOR), 1992: MHOR (1992) taken into practice on 1st January 1993 to implement European Directive 90/269/EEC and has added to the duties on employers by the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974). On the other hand, MHOR needs a risk assessment approach which takes into account whether it is rationally practicable to mechanize the process where the employers are compelled to provide equipment to keep away from the hazardous manual handling of loads. And these regulations apply wherever things or people are moved by hand or bodily force. On the other hand, the responsibility for implementing safety requirements tends to fall on personnel directly responsible for the co-ordination and supervision of work (McGuire, et.al, 1997; Nelson, Baptiste, 2006). The Regulations impose duties on employers, self-employed people and employees where employers must avoid all hazardous manual handling activity where it is reasonably practicable to do so. If it is no t, they must assess the risks in relation to the nature of the task, the load, the working environment and the capabilities of the handler and take appropriate action to reduce the risk to the lowest level reasonably practicable. Employees must follow appropriate work systems introduced by their employer to promote safety during moving and handling. Ensuring safety for ourselves, our colleagues and the person being moved is the combined responsibility of our and our employer. The health and safety environment supplies guidelines about weights which can be safely lifted which are very general guides and are not a substitute for a risk assessment, because many factors can affect the risks in each situation of residents. Factors that can affect the risk are summarized as the height of the bed and hoist, the ability of the individual to assist, the environment, the amount of room to maneuver, and the skill and experience of the staff member (Nolan, et.al, 2008). Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998: LOLER was taken into practice on 5 December 1998 which intends to reduce risks to health and safety from lifting equipment provided for use at work. LOLER requires that equipment has to be strong and stable enough for the intended load, marked to indicate safe working load, used safely: the equipments use should be organized, planned and executed by competent people and subject to ongoing examination and inspection by competent people. LOLER (1998) covers Hoists, slings and bath hoists where the regulations state that lifting equipment has to be carefully examined by capable people at least every six months in the case of equipment used to lift people, and at least yearly in the case of other tools(Health and Safety Executive, 1998), Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998: Provision and use of work Equipment regulations (1998) is a detailed regulation covering lifting equipment which should be suitable for its intended use, safe to use and appropriately maintained and inspected to ensure it remains safe to use, accompanied by appropriate safety measures such as warnings and markings, and used only by people who have received adequate information, instruction and training (Health and Safety Executive, 1998), The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (1995): This regulation compels the employers to report major injuries, dangerous occurrences and diseases. If there is an accident connected with work including an act of physical violence and employee, or a self-employed person working on premises, suffers an over-three-day injury it must send a completed accident report form (F2508) to the enforcing authority within ten days. An over-three-day injury is one which is not major but results in the injured person being away from work or unable to do their normal work for more than three days. On the other hand, if an employee suffered a moving and handling injury that resulted in inability to do her/his usual work for more than three days, the employer would be obliged to report. For example, a care assistant suffers a back injury when lifting a heavy load and is unable to work for four days. Major injures are fracture other than to fingers, thumbs or toes, ampu tation, and dislocation of the shoulder, hip, knee or spine and the dangerous occurrences covers collapse, and overturning or failure of load-bearing parts of lifts and lifting equipment(Health and Safety Executive, 1999; Health and Safety Executive, 2001). Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999): Regulations (1992) were cancelled and replaced with the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 that re-enacted the provisions of the 1992 regulations and merged modification made to the 1992 regulations. Regulations also cancel the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1994. This regulations was taken into practice on 29 December 1999 and include implement principles of prevention in regulations rather than through an Approved Code of Practice, clarify that employers should use capable employees in preference to external sources for competent advice and assistance on health and safety, include a specific requirement to arrange necessary contacts with emergency services regarding first aid, emergency medical care and rescue and designate workers to implement fire fire-fighting procedures, and make it explicit that it is not a defense for employers to claim that they were unable to meet their ob ligations because of any act or default by employees or competent persons(HSE Press Release C058:99, 1999). Views, preferences, and choice of residents: We must develop and maintain the relationship that promotes views, preference and need of individual. The people I work with are old and having dementia and they have a right to choose the way they are cared for. I should always let them be as independent as possible according to their condition. I support individual to communicate their views and preference in according to their need and priorities. I help and support resident as individual and with respect and dignity. For example: What time they wish to get up and have their meals? What they want to wear? What they wish to do during the day? Whether they want to stay in their room or wish to go to the lounge? I encourage the individual to take as much responsibilities themselves if they are able and it is possible (Burrbidges, et.al 2003). The beliefs and preferences of an individual affect the way of moving and positioning the residents. We should find out their likes and preference and should not force them whatever they do not like. For example, clients from cultural backgrounds like, Middle Eastern and some Asian cultures may not wish to be moved, touched, or seen unclothed by healthcare professionals of the opposite sex where some Asian cultures wish to be involved in care to the point that they may watch over the patient around the clock, taking shifts, and they might wish to do the turning. On the other hand, some people simply favor not to be moved due to shyness. However, patients must be turned one way or another because of the safety risks posed to skin integrity, formation of contractures which limit range of motion and mobility (Burridges, et.al 2003). Role of career to encourage independency to residents: We should provide active support to encourage an individual to participate and manage their own work .The dignity, and privacy of an individual must be respected all the times which help to maintain their self esteem and sense of well being. Environment and equipments before moving and handling individual When I have to move the person then I should be careful and I must explain the person before assist them, what is going to happen and try as much as possible to keep away from lifting altogether, trying rather to roll, to slide or to turn the person. The use of simple and fairly inexpensive aids will eliminate the need lifting or heavy handling. Moving and handling has special rules: I need to make sure that I have enough space to move smoothly and freely. Move any obstructions for space to move, place my feet comfortably apart so that I have a firm base. Always stand as close as possible to the person to be moved, bend at the knees so that I can use the strong leg muscles, do not bend or twist at the waist. Try to maintain the S shape of My spine to help to reduce the strain on my back ( www.paupdate.org/moving ). Infection controls: Meaning: Infection control is an important part of an effective risk management program to improve the quality of residential care and the occupational health of staff. Hygiene is very important factor to prevent cross infection as we always work closely with the residents (Infection, 2004). The infection that spread from one person to another is called cross infection which is very essential to control in a care home. It is very important to take standard precaution to minimize the risk of cross infection. We must wear gloves as it act as a protective barrier against infection. Hand washing should be done :before and after performing any procedure, after contact with any body fluid, soiled linen or clinical waste ,before starting and after finishing work, after eating, after using the toilet, after coughing, sneezing, or blowing our nose, We should wear protective clothing as it helps to reduce the spread of infection by preventing infection getting on our clothes and spreading to the next person we come into contact with. We should tie up our hair because it may disturb our visible path to handle our residents, may entangled in equipment which may cause a serious injury as well as may come into contact with the individuals that can spread infection. Clinical instruments, syringe bottles gloves, aprons, needle, glass should be dispose in yellow sharp container or bag. It is very important to clean all the equipments after using each resident because infections can breakthrough one person to another person on instrument, equipments and linen. Waste should be disposed properly in the right place. Clinical waste has to be thrown in yellow bag/bin soiled linen should be collected in a red bag for the laundry. Recyclable instruments and equipments should be disposed in the blue bin (Nolan, 2005). Health and safety measures: Individual care plan: A nursing care plan can be defined as a set of actions the nurse/health care personal will implement to resolve nursing problems identified by assessment where the creation of the plan is an intermediate stage of the nursing process (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nursing care plan). The care plan contains information about persons day to day care .It should give details of any assistance required to wash or bath it may include using a bath hoist .It will also include the persons preference, for example if the person prefers to bath or shower. It should give details of the persons mobility. If the person uses a frame to walk this should be recorded. If a person requires walking aid and the help of one or two members of staff to walk, this has to be recorded in the care plan (Nazarko 2000). Model of care plan and its reflection to my work: Assessment Data Nursing Diagnosis Goals Nursing interventions Expected Outcomes Immediate risk to individual: Meaning and importance of communication in moving and handling individuals: Communication can be defined as a dynamic process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of different symbols (McDaniel, et.al, 2009). Any decision that we make is only as good as the information it is best on. Communication is vitally important to the quality of care. Staff needs to communicate effectively if they are to give the best possible care. As a care assistant, we have to work closely with residents where residents may express their condition with us. For example, a resident may say he/she is finding difficult walk around because the pain in her/his knees is so bad and the tablets which she/he is having is not working. This is significant information which we have to report our nurse, because effective communication leads to the residents receiving effective treatment to control pain and improve mobility. As I m working with vulnerable and old peopl e, they are dependable on care staff working in the home .Therefore we have a duty to act in a professional way and protect the confidentiality of information that achieve during their care( Heath, and Ford, 1996). Risk assessment: Meaning of risk assessment: Risk assessment is the most important factor to decide what a hazard in the workplace is. It is clear that precautions should be put into place so that the risk is minimized with altogether when the risk is determined to be significant enough. In other words, It is a legal requirement to avoid manual handling which could increase the risk of injury. Risk assessment is unavoidable therefore the employer must make an assessment; take appropriate measures to remove or reduce the risk of injury; provide information on the load; and review risk assessments (www.paupdate.org/moving). In other words, a risk assessment considers the probability of an incident occurring and the severity of the injury or damage that may occur. The necessary steps are conclude as to look at the hazards, to decide who might be harmed and how, to evaluate the risks and decide whether the existing precautions are adequate or whether more should be done, to record findings, and to review assessment and revise if necessary(www.selworthy.somerset.sch.uk//Moving%20and%20Handling%20Policy.doc). Risk assessment is the most important factor to decide what a hazard in the workplace is. It is clear that precautions should be put into place so that the risk is minimized with altogether when the risk is determined to be significant enough. The first step is to look for hazards: Being a social career, we have to go round of the workplace and check for potential dangers which will minimize the risks towards residents as well as whole team members The second step is to decide who might be harmed and how: We have to decide who might be particularly at risk and how we can remove potential harm to residents as well as ourselves and service users We can summarize the third step that health care assistants must analyze whether there have been sufficient precautions put into place to counter the hazard. The next step is to record findings: On the way of risk assessment, we have to inform to senior staff or nurse in-charge verbally or mention on the record We should always check that the risk assessment has been carried out before we conduct any tasks and then to follow the steps identified in the assessment to reduce the risk (Nolan, 2005). Similarly, risk related with lifting and moving people can be arranged in a systematic, practical way by applying the risk management principles outlined by â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  identifying the factors likely to cause injury, â‚ ¬Ã‚  assessing the potential risks to workers and other persons affected by the work, â‚ ¬Ã‚  implementing control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks, and â‚ ¬Ã‚  monitoring and review the effectiveness of the control measures( Act worker, 2000). Fact about back injuries: Our back is at work 24 hrs a day which has to hold our entire body and support most of our weight. Most of the injuries involved are sprain and strain caused by poor posture followed by repeated over a long period of time. Our body is like a machine which needs to be cared properly to perform a work without any problem. Therefore we can prevent back injuries by learning the best way to sit stand and lift (http:/www.nvqmadesimple.com/nvq-3/hsc-358-hsc-360). Research finding of Nurse Education in Practice has summarized the poor practice of moving and handling of individuals in Nursing homes are use of bed sheets to drag patients up the bed, non-completion of risk assessments, no assessment of patients abilities, lifting/using condemned techniques, supporting the patients weight, poor communication, poor management of equipment, and non-completion of equipment safety checks (Jones, and Cornish, 2010). Clothing: Research has summarised that the type of clothing a worker wears can hinder the safe moving of clients and has further concluded that clothing should be comfortable and enable freedom of movement and footwear should provide adequate grip and stability. For example, clothing factors which may lead to injury during handling because short or tight skirts which hinder the workers correct feet and hip positioning and high-heeled shoes which prevent stability and balance. On the hand, jewellery or long, untied hair which can be grabbed or pulled by clients being moved (Designing workplaces for the safer handling of patients/residents, 1999). The clothing which we wear during moving and handling is very important because clothing may affect the procedure, and cause injury. Reflection: In my nursing home where I m working, our uniform is comfortable. I wear comfortable trouser, loose tunic top and supportive shoes .I have never faced the problem and hindrances with my uniform during moving and handling. Importance of proper moving and handling individuals correctly: The importance of proper )handling and moving can be summarized that proper moving and handling can minimize the risk of injury where injury harms residents as well as their family members, and work colleagues (www3.hants.gov.uk/proc2206.doc). Risk assessment has two parts where employer and employees. Their roles are inseparable in order to minimize the risk and hazards. The employers duties are summarized to avoid the need for hazardous manual handling as far as is reasonably practicable, to assess the risk of injury from any hazardous manual handling that cant be avoided, to and reduce the risk of injury from hazardous manual handling, as far as reasonably practicable. On the other hand, employees duties and responsibilities are concluded to follow appropriate systems of work laid down for their safety. To make proper use of equipment provided to minimize the risk of injury, to co-operate with the employer on health and safety matters. If a care assistant fails to use a hoist that has been provided, they are putting themselves at risk of injury. The employer is unlikely to be liable, to apply the duties of employers, as appropriate, to their own manual handling activities, and to taking care to ensure that their activities do not put others at risk( ). Various hazards can be summarized as environmental hazards, hazards related to equipments, and hazards related to people where environmental hazards includes slippery floors, messy corridors, rearrange furniture, worn carpet and electrical flexes. On the other hand, hazards related with equipments and materials involves faulty brakes on bed, faulty electrical machines, damaged lifting equipments, incorrectly labeled substances, leaking a damage container, and worn mobility aids. Similarly, hazards connected to people covers handling procedures, visitors to the building, intruder violent and aggressive behavior (Nolan, 2005). Preparing for moving and handling: We have to wash our hand and should wear suitable cloth and footwear. We must check the care plan before starting moving an individual and assess the risk. We must always work in pair. We have to remove the potential hazard and prepare the immediate environment. We should ask the individual the best way of moving how they prefer and assist accordingly. We must explain the procedure in each and every stage even though they are unable to understand We must explain about how the equipment operates. We must check the agreement of the individual we are moving. We should stop immediately if the individual is not willing to continue as we cannot move an individual without his consent (Nolan, 2005). HSC360b Move and position the individual , Method of moving and handling: We should always avoid manual lifting unless it is emergencies or a life threatening situation because there is no weight limit for lifting .It is very important to use the correct equipment according to an individuals need which we can find out checking the care paln. Before performing moving and handling risk assessment must be carried out to avoid the possible harm and injury (Nolan, 2006) Principles of moving and positioning individuals: The principles of moving and handling has summarized as follows. From the first day in practice, we must not put ourselves at risk, never lift alone, find out where all the lifting aids are We have to assess the situation for moving the patient We have to communicate clearly with our resident so that all know what to expect and do. We have to avoid tensing our muscles We have to adopt a stable posture which usually means having our feet about a hip-width apart We have to keep our knees soft or bent We have to keep the load as close as to our body as possible and avoiding stretching We have to avoid twisting or bending sideways (Gilling et.al, 2001). Equipment for moving and handling: There are various types of moving and handling equipment available in medical field such as: hoist, transfer board /sheet, slide boards, turn discs, monkey pole or lifting handle, handling belts, patient hand block etc. The most common used equipments in our nursing home are: different type of hoist (such as standing, oxford, triangle), sliding sheet, transfer belt, before using any equipment we must read the manual hand book and follow the instruction. Hoist: Appropriate hoists and slings have to be used for the residents according to the individual needs. The ridge of the hoist has to be faced outwards and away from the residents to protect from potential injury where we have to place the sling around or under the service users. If we use standing hoist, the sling must be placed around the waist and tighten the belt. To use hoist, theoretical knowledge is not sufficient where practical skills of the workplace is a significant part of using hoist properly. Training provided by the Nursing Home has to be taken by the care worker. If something is confused to use hoist, we have to ask our senior before using it and always work with partners (Nolan, 2006). Sliding sheet: Reflection from the student

US Army Rotc Program History Essay

US Army Rotc Program History Essay The U.S. Army ROTC which stands for Reserve Officers Training Corps is by far the best of the leadership courses throughout the country and is part of most colleges curriculum. The learning involves such practices which enables you to understand what it required to lead others, take up missions and motivate your fellow mates as an active Officer of the Army. Once graduated, the cadet earns the position of a Second Lieutenant and would be part of the Active Army, Army National Guard or the Army Reserve and become a discoverer for lifetime. The United States Armed Forces and numerous other national militaries, specially the countries having firm historic ties with the United States have implemented Reserve Officers Training Corps programs. Philippines implemented this in 1912 while Korea started ROTC in 1963. The ROTC contributes to all departments of the U.S. Armed forces except for U.S. Coast Guards. All in all it contributes towards 56% of the whole U.S. Army out of which; 11% are to US Marines, 41% to US Air Force and 20% of US Navy. The combined figures for the ROTC contribution of active duty officers towards the United States Department of Defense accounts to 39% which is a notable figure. Philippines ROTC Alumni Association acknowledges that 75% of the officer corps for Armed Forces in Philippines adds up from ROTC programs. Except for the US Coast Guard each of the U.S. Armed Forces offers keen scholarships to ROTC participant students on merit basis. They even offer scholarships in exchange for periods of active military service. For instance, students who opt for an Army ROTC scholarship agree to dispense a four year period of military service with the Army after college. Army and Airforce ROTC students are cited as cadets where Naval ROTC students are called midshipmen as these terms concur with their particular services in the military academy that they carry out. US Navy and US Marine Corps both are licensed by the Naval ROTC program whereas the Coast Guard guarantor only the JROTC program. Army ROTC squads are orchestrated into companies, battalions and brigades. Similarly, Air Force ROTC units are divided into wings, squads or wings just like the active Air Force. Naval ROTC units are carved up as naval battalions. Usually, naval ROTC units are formed into Naval battalions but having the Navy educatees in sections and divisions like a ship, and the Marines in a different company is only exercised when an ROTC unit has ample amount of members to justify an extra division. Senior Army leaders are keen of the idea that perception is actually reality. Black representation and resultant progress in the combat arms branches of the US Army is deplorably lacking. Recruiting blacks into combat arms is diminutive whereas the Black combat arms officers who elevate on higher leadership and command positions at battalion and brigade command level or higher are relics at best. This is also historic fact that the selected few Blacks for senior operational commands at the battalion or division level are generally placed out of view from the American public and the African American youth without fail. Figures say that across the past thirty years only two of nine black men were taken upto command Army Divisions and that also they have been intended to do so in Conus. It is a fact that Black men and women can derive aspiration in pursuance of a given career, by seeing someone of their own ethnicity in placements of high authority, but Black Battalion Commanders have a lways remained persona non grata in percepts of the Black youth. The US army in turn lays no significant emphasis on dealing with the impact of black combat officers. Charles C. Moskos states that Blacks occupy more management positions in the military than in any other sector of American society. The incorporation of Blacks into the Army is a sensational story worth simulating; the Army figures show that Blacks do not take parts equally all around career fields. Especially Blacks are under-represented in the combat arms; the circumstance can be named as occupational segregation. U.S. Armys leaders and authorities are touched on about the low count of Black officers functioning in the combat arms for two causes. First, the low count of Blacks in the combat arms cuts down the diverseness and perhaps the believability of the U.S. Armys authority. Second, it proves to be unmanageable for Blacks to achieve appropriate internal representation among general officers because 72% of the U.S. Armys generals are picked out from the combat arms. Three-quarters of all Black officers are licensed by ROTC whereas majority of them are licensed by HBCUs (Historically Black College and Universities). Researches reveal that there were two leading factors that influenced the assignments of Black cadets and those were cadet performance as well as attitude towards service. As a result, black HBCU cadets compete appropriately in on-campus ROTC scores but are indisposed when it comes to Advanced Camp. Black cadets were less probable to regard the Army as fair and had a most negative perceptual experience about the combat arms branches. Moreover, Black cadets are also deficient when it comes to combat arms mentors to cater for the needed motivation, tutorship and counseling. The US Army must set out to extenuate these factors and inverse the under-representation of Black military officers in combat arms. Thus, to enhance the internal representation of Black officers, the Army must coach HBCU cadets to do a cut above at Advanced Camp and prepare HBCU cadets for the needs and unparalleled culture of the Army and furthermore, delegate more Black officers into combat arms branches to allow for more mentors for Black cadets and officers in the time to come. Equal opportunity was not constantly interpreted as it is today. Formerly Army directives allowed for segregation. Ever since the desegregation of the Armed Forces, the Army has efficaciously broadened their ranks as the Army acts as mannequin for other organizations to follow up on. The Blacks comprise 29% of the total Army and just 11% of all Army officers. Nonetheless, a more closelipped look at Army officer statistics points that some inequalities have existence. Nowadays, the argument is not about adequate remuneration and intervention. But the main concern is the statistical distribution of Black officers amongst the Army. The amount of Black officers in combat arms offsets of the Army is minuscule, while the amount of Black officers engaging non-combat arms emplacements is heavy and developing unevenly. A deliberate study of the demographics by vocational specialty suggests that most Black officers in the Army are based in combat support and combat military service support branches. Various considerations add to making the uneven distribution. One of the causes is the rate of progression of Black officers with their white counterparts. Counterpointing causes arise from circumstances that are present outside the Army and result from the aftermaths of sociable and ethnical determines. Nevertheless, the failure to access Black officers into the Armys combat arms occupations is a serious institutional concern. Several studies in recent years have attempted to shed some light on this issue. A good example of inequality between combat and non-combat departments is exemplified by Army Infantry demographics which says that the percentage of Blacks in the Infantry has dropped a great deal from 30% in 1980 to 15% presently, while the count of Blacks in logistics units nowadays often are more than 50%. In 1999, only one Black cadet was accessed into the Infantry by the United States Military Academy. Reports suggest that Black American students rate the grandness of earning high financial gain and contributing to society (Walpole, Bauer, Gibson, Kanyi, Toliver, 2002). Another study by Morgan Teng and Anderson (2001) about Black American community college students depicts that job protection, a good starting income, self-reliance, and a crucial position are more crucial to Black American students comparably to White students. In addition, a crave of serving others and the society is also a significant motif in Black American culture. Nevertheless, some researches endure that particularly looks into differences of opinion amongst Black American and White educatees concerning the dominance of future income, future position, college attendance and vocational choices. Moreover, Black American persons proceed to go through high values of educational shortfalls, employment stagnancy, and impoverishment in the United States of America (Hargrove and Pope-Davis, 2001). Altogether we hope is that looking into the influence of future income, status and stimulating a difference in community will lead to significances favorable in assisting Black American students in finishing high school, going to college, and arriving at a career choice. Researches depict that a Black cadets entrà ©e into combat arms offsets is ascertained into a prominent part by two components: cadet functioning and cadet mental attitude towards service. African HBCU cadets contend befittingly with other cadets when it pertains to on-campus ROTC grades but they perform badly at Advanced Camp. A cadets performance is most importantly a derivative of the personal attitude towards service. The Army needs to lay complete and prompt attention to training HBCU cadets better. Conditioning plus formulation on campus starts with attaining a satisfactory GPA. Secondly, the ROTC cell must be knowledgeable adequately to render quality conditioning for HBCU cadets. Conditioning must be concentrated on the vital performance areas the cadet is assessed at camp such as traits like management, navigation, and APFT. The program must also ascertain that HBCU Cadets incur coaching to gear them up for the shift in organizational surroundings they will come upon at Advanced Camp. The HBCU Cadets need to have early experiences in adjusting to a more structured organizational stage setting. The cadets must learn to adjust ahead of the time when he arrives at Advanced Camp. ROTC plans have in the past times carried on speciated conditioning and training to prepare cadets for functioning in various environments. This particular training had better be reevaluated for its value and re-established. Cadets can suffer from culture shock during the early days of the camp if they are not trained or carried along without this kind of preparation or training. Squad leaders and contrivers must supervise internal representation. Discouraging to leaders and contrivers will be the extended dialogue over distinguishing the suitable military representation levels of citizen groupings. The demand for plentiful figures of quality staff personnel within the Army necessitates belief on all demographic and societal sections of America. Suitable action in reception to statistic trends is essential to preserve and amend the force. The Army ought to enhance the count of Black combat arms officers teaching Black cadets. Standard Black combat arms officers capable to provide a positive example to cadets will extremely aid in impeding vocational separatism of Blacks in non-combat arms offshoots. The occupancy of thes e eminent officers will also encourage mentoring of cadets that will amend the mental attitude cadets possess of the Army and ROTC.

Heavy Weather At American Airlines :: essays research papers

Heavy Weather at American Airlines Business Week Heavy Weather at American Jan.27 1997 pg 32 There is a big shake up at American Airlines. The pilots want more money but management has already spent it. Another strike you say. Yip, looks like it. The chief executive of American Airlines was stunned when on January 8, by an overwhelming vote, pilots rejected a tentative contract. Pilots then got a message from the company president saying "For the first time in many years, we fear for the future of our company." The reason that this strike could spell disaster for one of the leading airlines in the world is the rather large order of new aircraft American ordered from Boeing. American says that having to pay higher pilot salaries and buy new aircraft makes it an uneconomical investment, in other words they can not do both and still stay in business. A strike could even threaten a purposed alliance with British Airways. American in not alone though. With industry profits on the constant rise, employees of other airlines are pushing for higher pay also, but undeniably American is in the worst position right now. It looks to me like the pilots were not very happy with the decision to purchase new aircraft from Boeing back in November when it was first voted on. It seems as though instead of purchasing new aircraft the pilots wanted a pay increase. What the pilots want is a pay increase of 11% over the next four years. What the have been offered is a 5% increase. The argument that the pilots have put forward is the fact that their offer does not even keep up with inflation. It looks as though a strike would be very unlikely because of the amount of money involved, somewhere around fifty million a day would be lost by American. That big of a loss could be very detrimental to any company. What can management do with a dilemma like this? It seem that they departed without knowing where they were going to land. They should have made sure there would not have been an uprising in any part of the company before the took measures as drastic as ordering six-billion dollars in new aircraft. It looks to me like there needs to be better communication between all facets of management in this company. The only way out of this mess that I can see is to reduce the order from Boeing so that they can afford to give the pilots there precious pay increases. This could cause more problems depending on how lenient the contract between

Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in

Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionally, Native American Literature has been an oral genre. Although Native American Literature was the first American literature created, it has been the last to be recognized -and, to some extent, is still waiting for full recognition (www.usc.edu). With the Indian being forced to assimilate, their literature was forced to take on a written form. Although the traditional way of storytelling has changed, Native American Literature has survived. In it's written form, it is being shared with a larger population. Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt 1932) and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven (Alexie 1993) are two Native American works of literature that have gained recognition. Although they are similar in that they tell the Native American experience, they are also different in that they tell the experience from different times in history.    Both books tell the story of the Native American's day-to-day struggles. Black Elk Speaks tells of the Indians struggles during the middle '80s of the 19th century. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven tells the modern day struggles of the Indian. Although the books are written at different times in history, they still tell of the prejudice, disease, poverty and day-to-day struggle the Native American faces in the attempt to live in two worlds. In Black Elk Speaks the Indians were fighting to survive and keep their land. The white man (Wasichus) took away the Indian's land, brought in diseases, and killed their men, women and children. Although the Indians during this period in history suffered a great loss, they did manage to survive.    Sherman Alexie tells of the Indian... ...ght in Heaven. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Kirkus Reviews. "Amazon.com: Editorial Reviews: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven." 1 July 1993. < obidos exec www.amazon.com> Ts/book-reviews>. "Native American Literature." 10 October 2000. < isd www.usc.edu> archives/ethnicstudies/Indian_lit.html>. Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Ogalala Sioux. New York: William Morrow, 1932. Walker, Jr., Theodore. "Vine Deloria, Jr. on the authenticity of Black Elk Speaks." 24 March 1997 <http://www.smu.edu/~twalker/blkelk0.htm>. 10/23/00. Whitson, Kathy J. Native American Literatures: An Encyclopedia of Works, Characters, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 1999. Young Adults Books. Rev. of The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. 11 March 1996. .       Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionally, Native American Literature has been an oral genre. Although Native American Literature was the first American literature created, it has been the last to be recognized -and, to some extent, is still waiting for full recognition (www.usc.edu). With the Indian being forced to assimilate, their literature was forced to take on a written form. Although the traditional way of storytelling has changed, Native American Literature has survived. In it's written form, it is being shared with a larger population. Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt 1932) and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven (Alexie 1993) are two Native American works of literature that have gained recognition. Although they are similar in that they tell the Native American experience, they are also different in that they tell the experience from different times in history.    Both books tell the story of the Native American's day-to-day struggles. Black Elk Speaks tells of the Indians struggles during the middle '80s of the 19th century. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven tells the modern day struggles of the Indian. Although the books are written at different times in history, they still tell of the prejudice, disease, poverty and day-to-day struggle the Native American faces in the attempt to live in two worlds. In Black Elk Speaks the Indians were fighting to survive and keep their land. The white man (Wasichus) took away the Indian's land, brought in diseases, and killed their men, women and children. Although the Indians during this period in history suffered a great loss, they did manage to survive.    Sherman Alexie tells of the Indian... ...ght in Heaven. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Kirkus Reviews. "Amazon.com: Editorial Reviews: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven." 1 July 1993. < obidos exec www.amazon.com> Ts/book-reviews>. "Native American Literature." 10 October 2000. < isd www.usc.edu> archives/ethnicstudies/Indian_lit.html>. Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Ogalala Sioux. New York: William Morrow, 1932. Walker, Jr., Theodore. "Vine Deloria, Jr. on the authenticity of Black Elk Speaks." 24 March 1997 <http://www.smu.edu/~twalker/blkelk0.htm>. 10/23/00. Whitson, Kathy J. Native American Literatures: An Encyclopedia of Works, Characters, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 1999. Young Adults Books. Rev. of The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. 11 March 1996. .      

Domestic Violence Program Proposal Essay

Astounding statistics reported by the Children’s Defense Fund, â€Å"An estimated 3 to 4 million women in the United States are battered each year by their partners, In homes where domestic violence occurs, children are seriously abused or neglected at a rate 1500% higher than the national average in the general population, Between 2. 3 and 10 million children are witnesses to family violence, Based on an estimate of 2 children per household, in 55% of violent homes, at least 3. 3 million children in the U. S. are at risk of witnessing domestic violence each year,† (Retrieved, 10/12/2011, http://cdf. hildrensdefense. org). Domestic violence is a crime that affects every member of the family, including children. Many times children remain the silent victims that are abused both physically and psychologically. Family violence creates an environment where children live in constant fear and confusion. They are psychologically torn between the abusive parent and the parent who is subject to the abuse. They are affected in ways that make it hard to establish nurturing bonds with either parent. â€Å"Each year an estimated 3. million children are exposed to violence against their mothers or female caretakers by family members,† (American Psychological Association, Violence and the Family: Report of the APA Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family,1996). According to a recent national survey, only about one quarter of domestic violence is reported to the police, making it difficult to accurately estimate the number of actual victims. The children in families where domestic violence occurs are exposed to violence in various ways and the effects usually manifest themselves much like that of an abused or neglected child. Because they may be direct witnesses to the abuse, many suffer irreversible emotional damage. They may also be in harm’s way themselves, have their lives disrupted by moving or being separated from parents, be used by the batterer to manipulate or gain control over the victim, and they themselves are more likely to be abused. According to a 2006 UNICEF World Report on Violence Against Children, â€Å"Exposure to domestic violence is widespread internationally and it is associated with other forms of child maltreatment. † Children can be direct witnesses to domestic violence; they may see abusive incidents or hear iolence. Children are usually considered secondary victims because they are witness to the violence. This can be harmful psychologically and emotionally. According to a study published in 2003, â€Å"Over 15 million children in the U. S. lived in families where intimate partner violence had occurred at least once in the past year, and seven million children live in families in which severe partner violence occurred,† Whitfield, Anda, Dube, & Felittle (2003), Violent Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults: Assessment in a Large Health Maintenance Organization. In a 2007 study in the U. S. 38% of incidents of intimate partner violence which involve female victims, children under age 12 were residents of the household,† Catalano & Shannan (2007), Intimate Partner Violence in the United States. Children can be displaced by the domestic violence when they seek shelter along with their abused parent. While statistics are not available globally, many shelters take in children as well as their abused parent. According to a study of domestic violence shelters and services in the U. S. in a single day in 2008, 16,458 children were living in a domestic violence shelter or transitional housing facility, while an additional 6,430 children sought services at a non-residential program. From: The National Network to End Domestic Violence, (2009). Domestic Violence Counts 2008: A 24-hour Census of Domestic Violence Shelters and Services. These children see no way out of their situation. They withdraw and become fearful. Depression, aggression and suicide occur in higher instances with the children who are not attended to and left to cope without intervention. In order to help in a proactive capacity; as well as, be a catalyst that will spur on legislature and rights for children in a domestic violence situation, Lighted Pathways is a program that will be implemented in order to support children who live with violence and ensure a better tomorrow. Though it is said that children are resilient, it is imperative for them to be given an opportunity to thrive. Opportunities that allow for the child to create healthy bonds with adult, secure activities with peers, and gain a voice for themselves in a secure and protective environment will be provided. It is the purpose of Lighted Pathways to help the child that was either a witness, or a victim of abuse themselves to, gain extended support through various activities, create lasting bonds with supportive individuals; such as, Big Brother/ Sisters and a familial type unit, extend educational opportunities, introduce the child to community resources and opportunities otherwise unavailable to them, create a peer connection, and obtain free or affordable, long-term counseling. Lighted Pathways is set to create all of these programs utilizing resources from the, U. S.  Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children, Youth and Families (ACYF), Family and Youth Services Bureau (FYSB). Funds will also be rendered from the community, stakeholders, donations, and local funding and volunteerism. It is Lighted Pathways intention to assist the children victims and advocate for them in order to help them overcome, break free of the cycle of violence, and gain positive tools in order to be successful in their future endeavors. Lighted Pathways focuses on the whole child and the development in a multitudnal approach. The initiative will utilize advocates, psychologists, law enforcement agencies, both adult and juvenile, educators, child specialists and community leaders to assist in a preventative, proactive program; as well as, help better adjust those children who are victims. Field Overview and Current Trends In 1994, the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges published a â€Å"Model Code on Domestic and Family Violence. † The code was not designed to be used universally, but rather one that should be adapted from state to state. Developed with an advisory committee composed of leaders in the domestic violence field from all over the United States including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, matrimonial lawyers, battered women’s advocates, medical and health care professionals, law enforcement personnel, educators and others, it has helped to create stronger laws and enforceable legislation. The introduction to the code states: â€Å"Family violence is a wrong that needs righting in every state in this country. The key is community commitment to recognize, address and prevent such violence. Effective and enabling legislation is the cornerstone,† (Retrieved, 10/12/2011 http://stopvaw. org). Because violence against women is one of the predominant factors of children as witnesses to IPV or intimate partner violence or domestic violence, the organization’s code has been conjunctively used to make the youngest victims voices heard. Recently, the human rights advocacy groups Rights for Change and Aim for Human Rights have issued a step-by-step handbook for conducting research on violence against women. The manual provides users with a human rights background from which to view violence against women, explains how gather and analyze information about violence against women, and then describes how to use the reports to affect change in the area researched. This research is also being used as a cross reference and manual to guide for children. Domestic violence is a devastating social problem which has lasting impacts on every segment of the population. Each age group, race, ethnicity and class is touched by domestic violence, and many times it goes hidden and unseen. Up until recently, the community and resources have been directed primarily targeted toward adult victims of abuse; however, increased attention is now being focused on the children who witness domestic violence and intimate partner violence. â€Å"Studies estimate that 10 to 20 percent of children are at risk for exposure to domestic violence,† (Carlson, 2000). â€Å"These findings translate into approximately 3. 3 to 10 million children who witness the abuse of a parent or adult caregiver each year,† (Carlson, 1984; Straus and Gelles, 1990). Further research indicates that those children which are exposed to domestic violence are at an increased risk of being abused or neglected themselves. â€Å"A majority of studies reveal there are adult and child victims in 30 to 60 percent of families experiencing domestic violence,† (Appel and Holden, 1998; Edleson, 1999; Jaffe and Wolfe, 1990). This has previously led Social Workers to believe that taking the child from the parental home is necessary, but caution should be given to this action, as new inter-agency research suggests that children are manifesting other problems when displaced. Since children respond differently to domestic violence, professionals are cautioned against assuming that witnessing domestic violence constitutes child maltreatment or child protective services intervention,† (Aron & Olson, 1997; Beeman, Hagemeister & Edelson, 1999; Carter & Schechter, 1997; Findlater & Kelly, 1999; Spears, 200; Whitney and Davis, 1999). Various States are creating legislation that better defines child neglect and includes children who witness domestic violence. â€Å"Expanding the legal definition of child altreatment, however, may not always be the most effective method to address the needs of these children. Communities can better serve families by allocating resources that build partnerships between service providers, child protective services, and the array of informal and formal systems that offer a continuum of services based upon the level of risk present,† (Carter and Schechter, 1997; Edleson, 1999; Spears, 2000). National, State and local initiatives are promoting a more cross agency awareness. With this a collective and more uniformed definition and intolerance of abuse is being coordinated. Promising practices in this cross agency approach has included placing child protective service workers, child advocates and police officers in a supportive service arena. Proactive initiatives such as school awareness programs have been created, cross system protocols and training has also been more available for professionals. Integrated services and resources has become the prime foundation to help the adult victims; as well as the children who suffer domestic violence. A shared goal and collaboration working in a proactive way to prevent violence and the subsequent repercussions is necessary. Problems Faced by Victims â€Å"Children who live with domestic violence face increased risks: the risk of exposure to traumatic events, the risk of neglect, the risk of being directly abused, and the risk of losing one or both of their parents. All of these may lead to negative outcomes for children and may affect their well-being, safety, and stability,† (Carlson, 2000; Edleson, 1999; Rossman, 2001). According to research, childhood problems associated with exposure to domestic violence fall into three primary categories; Behavioral, social and emotional, cognitive and attitudinal, and long term. Each of these categories have a plethora of subcategories such as aggression, anger, withdrawal, self-esteem, bonding, poor peer relations, poor school performance, lack of conflict resolution, no social skills, in adults the symptoms manifest in depression, aggression, suicide, drug and alcohol abuse, and even a cycle of abuse and becoming an abuser. Children’s risk levels and reactions to domestic violence exist on a continuum where some children demonstrate enormous resiliency while others show signs of significant maladaptive adjustment,† (Carlson, 2000; Edleson, 1999; Hughes, Graham-Bermann & Gruber, 2001). Assessment of factors that affect the child regarding domestic violence is dependent upon the type of violence, exposure, the coping skills of the child, age, gender and whether or not the child suffered physical or sexual abuse, as well. The scars from Domestic violence tend to last far into adulthood. Adults continue to suffer the consequences of a violent childhood, and society has to pick up the pieces. The cycle states that they are more likely to commit suicide, abuse drugs or alcohol, be unemployed, or commit violence against their own partners. And with this, their children continue the cycle with a new generation of victims and witnesses. Because the child is usually not included unless he or she has been physically inflicted by domestic violence, the problem continues. It is a challenge to demonstrate the need to address the effects on children witnessing domestic violence and begin to establish effective solutions. It is important for advocacy groups and programs to support and nurture the child and gives them a multidimensional, therapeutic program that addresses the whole child, not just the physical or the emotional. Conclusion Domestic violence is the single most frequent cause of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44 (â€Å"Family Violence Prevention Fund Domestic Violence Fact Sheet,† www. endabuse. rg. ) Domestic violence shatters the lives of its victims and diminishes the quality of life for everyone in the community. It is the leading cause of homelessness for women and families. It also can be incredibly traumatic for children who witness it. Focusing on the victimization of the child and the impact it has on their lives both presently and long-term helps to create a more positive outcome for those involved. Intervention and proactive programs such as Lighted Pathways are a start to assist in the rebuilding of the child’s psyche. A child who has a support group and a unit that is stable and nurturing is more likely to flourish and thrive. Success depends on volunteerism, funding and community support. It is also imperative that education, advocacy and legislative progress is made for these youngest victims. The dilemma of domestic violence is still an epidemic that seems to be swept under the rug and the youngest victims tend to have the most silent of voices. Lighted Pathways intentions and purpose is to give voice to these victims, support their needs, and strengthen their lives.

Criminal Justice Communications Essay

Communication is part of worka twenty-four hour period life. Though we all have the magnate to sink, it is communicating trenchantly that matters most. Whether you ar large-minded a speech, get winding a program or having a conversation with a co-worker, communicating impressively can befool the difference between being silent and being dismissed. thitherfore, it is important to understand the principles of effective communication and how you can apply them in your everyday conversations. bespeak RespectWhen speech production to another(prenominal) person or a large crowd, show respect to your audience. put on verbiage and verbiage that correspond to the same(p) educational level as your audience. For instance, you wouldnt using up complex financial ground with a group of fifth graders to let off how a bank works as you would with a group of college students.Never knapWhether communicating one-on-one or with a group is it impolite to interrupt anyone spell they be speaking to you. This overwhelms cutting somebody off when she is asking a call into question you already know the answer to. allot the individual to finish making her oral sex before responding. Otherwise, the communication becomes one-sided and ineffective.Show KindnessStart your communication by making yourself friendly and approachable. This can include smiling and beginning communication with adept praise. When the situation warrants a serious conversation, much(prenominal) as reprimanding a student or employee, be professional about it and observe the tone non-confrontational and informative. Do not let emotions or outside thoughts affect how you communicate with the individual and keep the conversation gear toward the issue.Show InterestCommunication does not just revolve around what you recite but how you act while another is speaking to you. Show that you are provoke in what the person is saying by giving him your full attention. Maintain spunk contact with the p erson you are talking to and do not intromit yourself to be distracted by people walk of life by or other activities in the room. Nod your head to let the loudspeaker system know you understand what he is saying. take away Your TimeSelect the right conviction for your communication. Typically, cornering someone at the end of the day when she wants to go home or during a stressful part of the day forget retain the communication less effective or put pressure on both parties to curtail the discussion. Do not learn to communicate to people who are preoccupied with other undertakings or try to listen to someone while you are so occupied.Have an ObjectiveThere is an prey with every form of communication, up to now the simplest one. If your objective is to teach a coworker how to use a new spreadsheet, and then make sure you are prepared to teach him how to use it with notes or by masking him physically. Use clear and concise wording and ask for feedback. Do not allow yourself to get off task from your objective ordistracted. Once youve delivered your message or instructions, either have your co-worker refresh what youve told him or have him demonstrate the task hands-on to show his understanding.

Gender differences in the effects of divorce Essay

Besides conduct differences among squirtren of separate and entire families, there argon in like manner gender differences to consider. Hyatt suggests that boys and girls re lick differently to pargonntal divorce. Boys run for to create more behavioral problems in check than girls do. Boys self-esteem pitchs to step-down as a result of divorce and they seek constant guardianship from the instructor and disturb class with irrelevant talks. Their safari in rail work as well decline. Hyatt mentions that boys be more prone to fuss of losing contact to their bring forth hence regular(a) communication with the father tidy sum foster these modification problems.Girls behavior in prep atomic number 18 after agnatic divorce is non as noticeable as boys be take they do not manifest their difficulties by bring abouting out in class. Rather, they tend to acquire more anxious or in a bad way(p) or showing over haveled rock-steady conduct. Another findings concerning gender difference in the effects of divorce is that girls do choose help from their instructors unlike boys. This is because girls see their tame dayhouse as a place where they potentiometer be supported during divorce temporary hookup boys conduct neighborlyly unacceptable behavior. naturalize demeanour of Children of Divorced Families Human macrocosms twine over by constantly adapting to new surround therefore adapting to an environs is part of emotional state cycle. Childrens educational place tush be divided into home, cultivate and the society. The shaver and environs continuously interact and the school takes over outsized part of a childs life. then as well as having a colonized family life, school period is also authorised in determining how children might turn out in the future.School is a place where children racket, and gain sense of delight by experiencing various activities and maintain fit in kindreds with the teachers and other students. Sim ilarly, school try-on is defines as taking quest in school environment and feel comfortable being in school with other children. This adjustment reflects on their school achievement and development. For instance, children who enjoy being in school and act in school activities be ap enkindle to gain more educational experiences than those who dumbfound adjustment disquiet.Liebman defines school adjustment trouble as excessive reaction where individualists are unable to harmonize with the school environment and other students which will prohibit individual development. Children of divorced families are likely to select more difficulties in school adjustment than those of children from intact families. Berbe suggests that children with adjustment disorder tend to attract teachers attention by inappropriate questions in class, bother other children and find it hard to even out attention in class.They also stand firm teachers request and are often disobedient. And if they co ntinue to show imperious academic behaviour, it leads to serious adjustment disorder. Hecks idea is also similar to Berbes suggestion that children with adjustment disorder problems are frequently absent and tend to be oppositional in class. However, it is difficult to judge the cause of maladjustment solely on divorce. How children respond to in a higher place stress stomach vary from a child to child.It can differ agree to their age, gender or disposition and the environment intromits economic stature of parents, social approving rating of parents and family conflict. Variables are categorized as they may affect childrens school adjustment into demographic differences and family variables. Demographic differences take on race, gender, and parental socioeconomic status and family variables include relationships, organisation, control, social support, mother rejection and father rejection. Behaviour of children of divorced in schoolAs mentioned earlier, children from divorced families appear to have impediment in academic achievement and relationship with other children at school than children from intact families. The cause of this should not be looked at solely on the primary component which is divorce. Secondary factors are to be considered as well, such as the change in socioeconomic structure and resources after divorce. For example, as mentioned earlier, economic prejudice, poor parental adjustment, pretermit of parental competence and parental loss can cause behavioural problems.As mentioned in the section of Comparison mingled with children of divorce and intact families, womens example of living is reduced by 29 % after divorce and absence of father can have negative specify on children more on boys than girls. Regarding studies on childrens maladjustment behaviour, Liner categorizes disorder behaviour as ? action-out behaviour like hit someone and being aggressive ? withdrawing behaviour very quiet, sucking fingers, restricted behaviour ? defensive behaviour lying, ignoring ? disorganised behaviour escaping from realitySimilarly, Wickman describes behaviour of children with adjustment disorder as ? immoral, dishonest, in resistance to authority, stealer, cheater, disobedient, merciless and rebellious ? often violates regulation of class, careless, loses interest in study, negligent and trustless ? exaggerated and discourtesy personality ? unsociable, as well sensitive, and liar ground on experience, as a teacher of young children, those from divorced families have lour academic achievement, are socially isolated, overly sensitive, either humiliate themselves or muff and show negative behaviour in class.Specifically, their academic grade is poorer than it used to be and they do not try to socialise with others in class. Further, they often seem absent-minded and tend to change their mood easily. If they are scolded for not doing their homework or asked to answer something they do not know, they use violent n omenclature in response. They also suffer from irritation and easily get tired. This behaviour of children can also be explained by tushs theory of locale of control. locale of control refers to how individuals attribute the cause of their behaviour to internal or external forces. In applying to children of divorced families, children who have internal locus of control believe that if their parents are divorced, it is their fate. Therefore these children are able to handle either difficulties and feel less psychological put out. In contrast, children who have external locus of control believe that if they do not perform well in school, they tend to turn on external factors such as parental divorce rather than blame themselves.Hence, these children are likely to suffer from severe distress than those who have internal locus of control. When uncomplicated school children experience parents divorce, they can turn aggressive and develop sense hero-worship and sorrow. Some childr en also imagine reunion of their parents. And they also explain that childrens school behaviour depend on how they are treated at home. As per experience, the relationship mingled with tutelar parent and the child seem to have a large impact.Prior research says that the relationship between the behaviour of custodial parents and childrens school adjustment illustrate that the attitude of custodial parents has large bias on childrens school achievement. Mothers affection can influence enormously on ontogenesis childrens social skills. From mother-child relationship, children learn responsibility, self-control and social skills, hence, hostile attitude towards children can act as hindrance in developing social skills. Therefore one can learn that the attitude of custodial parent becomes important factor which influence childrens school adjustment.