Filter, Power Divider

Outline 1.? institution 2.? belles-lettres round off contagion draw ins (Microstrip landmark/ CPW/ SIW) cavity resonating chamber, imbue, military unit segmentation 3. SIW resonator send offs relation of transmission system Line proceeding concept, depart and intelligence of SIW resonating chambers 4.? SIW slabber and proponent splitter institutions Design, conduct and Discussion of SIW diffuse and author partition 5. finis and Recommendations 1 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature look backward Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) resonator, carry, Power divider 3. SIW resonating chamber Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, core and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 2 1. Introduction ? Background O As consequence of the rapid development in wireless colloquy market, various spi ns need to integ lay wireless standards.Demand on wireless devices to patronize these multi-standard operations with 2 beginning insertion damage sharp selectivity Proper load down sizing Low cost O Band-pass slobbers primarily utilize in wireless transmitters and receivers imit the flock comprehensiveness of the output signal to the minimum necessary to take on selective information at the desired speed and in the desired form similarly used in bio-photonic, medical analytical, chemical, pharmaceutical argona etc O Power splitters passive microwave components used for mogul division Divide arousal signal into deuce signals of lesser agency. The coupler may be a three port component with or without wrong usually of the equal-division type, which is 3dB, b atomic number 18ly unequal power division ratio is also possible 4 3 1. Introduction ? Motivation O Why 60GHz First published by Indian physicist J. C. Bose 1895 In 1947, US physicist J.H. Van Vleck obser ved that the oxygen scintilla absorbs electromagnetic more dynamism at 60-GHz than at other frequencies 6 chiefly driven by military and space applications 1960s to 1980s 7 From mid-1990s, bear on in amend broadband wireless access for last greyback connectivity advanced 60-GHz tuner engineering science 8 O Why SIW deform and power divider Conventional technologies either non able to present undeniable performance or too expensive SIW as an attractive technology for pathetic cost, mellow Q-factor, relatively high power, and high density integrating of microwave and millimeter-wave components and sub-systems 10-12. SIW gain vigors have a low in-band insertion evil and a wide stopband performance. SIW power dividers not unaccompanied hit the petty size moreover also realize transmitting a defined issue forth of the electromagnetic to another two ports.4 1. Introduction ? Objective O make literature review of complex body parts, applications and analyzing methods of SIW O Investigate the basic structure of incompatible transmission lines by designing resonators O Extend the synthesis method to design of SIW get through and power divider ? ? Design and discuss SIW Filter at 60GHz with bandwidth 3 GHz Design and discuss SIW Power divider at 60GHz with 3 GHz Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 6 2. Literature Review ? Transmission Line O A device designed to carry electric energy from one to another, is used to channel the output radio relative frequency energy of a transmitter to a receiver 15. ? Microstrip Line OOne of the or so popular types of the electrical TLs O convey microwave-fre quency signals O support a good quasi-TEM wave O In practical applications, the dielectric substrate is electrically very thin, which is much little than the wavelength 7 2. Literature Review ? Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) O property dimensions of a CPW argon the central strip width W and the width of the slots s. GCPW is formed when a ground plane is provided on the opposite aspect of the dielectric. O CPW is easy to be integrated in the IC design. O Conventional Technologies ? ? CPW GCPW ? Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Mircostrip/CPW/GCPW small size but not efficient enough in high frequency applications, wavelength at high frequencies are small Retangular waveguide high Q-factors and power content but voluminous and difficult for highdensity integration and difficult manufacturing process O SIW is a transition between microstrip and dielectric-filled waveguide.Dielectric filled waveguide is converted to SIW by the help of vias for the side walls of the waveguide 2 ? hig h Q-factor, low insertion spillage, and high power capability 8 . Literature Review ? Resonator O A device exhibits behavior of oscillating at some frequencies, called its aromatic frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others. ? ? It is used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or select specific frequencies from a signal 4.Resonant frequencies O Quality- or Q-factor is defined as a dimensionless parameter, in terms of the ratio of the energy stored in the resonator to the energy supplied by a generator per cycle, describing how under-damped a resonator is 4. ? The unloaded Q-factor (Qu) 21 2. Literature Review ? Filter O Band-pass filter is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and attenuates frequencies extraneous that range 4. O SIW is constructed with linear arrays of metalized via-holes rooted in the alike(p) substrate used for the planar circuit 13. SIWs, combines the merits of all these structures, microstrip line or two-dimensional w aveguide, and rectangular waveguide, are built onto the same substrate. The transition is formed with a comparable straightforward matching geometry between both structures. ? Power Divider OPower divider, a passive device used in the field of radio technology, couples a defined amount of the electromagnetic power in a transmission line to another port 27. O SIW power divider, with optimum frequency selectivity, small size, low cost and high stopband attenuation, have been used for mobile and satellite communications systems. T-junction Y-junction 10 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.?SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 11 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Comparison of Transmissio n Line Performance Microstrip Line CPW SIW 12 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Comparison of Transmission Line Performance trace Bandwidth Q factor Loss Power capacity Physical size excuse of fabrication Integration with other component Cost Waveguide particularise elevated Low1 proud Large, heavy Hard Hard4 High Microstrip Wide Low High Low Small Easy2 Easy5 Low CPW Wide Low High Low Small Fair3 Easy6 Low SIW Narrow High Low High Small Fair Easy LowAnnotation 4 ? Dielectric of waveguide is air skin effect of waveguide is small ? Microstrip fuel use printed circuit mount technology ? Ground of CPW locates at the top, the discontinuity will affect the way out. However, compared to SIW, wire holes are not needed. ? Special couplings at the joints are required for waveguide to mark off proper operation ? Microstrip is susceptible to cross-talk and unintentional ray ? CPW presents greater isolation than microstrip 13 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators Substrate d ielectric constant (? r) is fix at 11. te Copper conduction of 5. 800107 siemens/m O Design dodge of Single-row Via SIW Resonator For a resonant frequency of 60 GHz for the TE101 dominant mode by simply indexing m =1, n = 0, l = 1 18 The calculation take is L = W = 1. 025mm. 14 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Ideal veridical Lossless substrate and undefiled theatre director The personnel casualty topaz of AGC and the passel conductivity of Silicon are both hatful to be zero. Moreover, everlasting(a) conductor layers are pose at approximately top and stooge of the structure.Similarly, the literal of metallic vias is defined as perfect conductor as well. By use as as illustrated earlier, the result is calculated In this ideal case, and involved. Based on the formula, are not radioactivity Q-factor is 492. 23 15 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of S ingle-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Only with conductor pass For substrate, dielectric loss tangent of AGC and bulk conductivity of Silicon are effect to be zero. The fuzz layers with bulk conductivity of 5. *107 siemens/m are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Moreover, the material of via is changed to papal bull as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this case, is not involved. Based on the formulas, we can get 16 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Lossy substrate and non-perfect conductor set the loss tangent of AGC is fixed at 0. 003 and bulk conductivity of Silicon is 0. 02, which means all the loss of substrate is considered in this experiment.Meanwhile, the horseshit is defined as the material of layers, which are placed at most top and bottom of the structure and via defenses finished the substrate. In this experiment, a ll losses, including radiation loss, non-ideal metal loss and substrate loss are considered here. By using , we have 17 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators Substrate dielectric constant (? r) is fixed at 11. 9 Silicon Copper conductivity of 5. 800107 siemens/m O Design Strategy of Double-row Via SIW Resonator For a resonant frequency of 60 GHz for the TE101 dominant mode by simply indexing m =1, n = 0, l = 1 18The calculation result is L = W = 1. 025mm. 18 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Ideal material Lossless substrate and perfect conductor The loss tangent of AGC and the bulk conductivity of Silicon are both set to be zero. Moreover, perfect conductor layers are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Similarly, the material of metallic vias is defined as perfect conductor as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this ideal case, and involved. Bas ed on the formula, are not radiation Q-factor equals to 641. 6 19 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Only with conductor loss For substrate, dielectric loss tangent of AGC and bulk conductivity of Silicon are set to be zero. The copper layers with bulk conductivity of 5. 8*107 siemens/m are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Moreover, the material of via is changed to copper as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this case, is not involved. Based on the formulas, we can get 20 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW Resonators OResult and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material Lossy substrate and non-perfect conductor set the loss tangent of AGC is fixed at 0. 003 and bulk conductivity of Silicon is 0. 02, which means all the loss of substrate is considered in this experiment. Meanwhile, the copper is defined as the materi al of layers, which are placed at most top and bottom of the structure and via defenses through the substrate. In this experiment, all losses, including radiation loss, non-ideal metal loss and substrate loss are considered here. By using , we have 21 3. SIW Resonator Designs ? Design of SIW ResonatorsO Comparison of Single-/Double-row Via Resonator Double-row via structure obviously decreases the loss compared to single-row via. The main difference of Q-factors is the radiation Q-factor, which means the radiation loss is the most affection of the SIW. Conductor and dielectric Q-factor are only slightly changed with the error around 3. 5% from the single- to double-row SIW. Hence, the conductor loss and dielectric loss basically are not significant issue for the losses of the SIW comparing with the radiation loss because of the leakage through the gaps since the presence of gaps in the side walls.These results also match that higher Q-factor indicates a lower rate of energy loss rel ative to the stored energy, which demonstrates the validity of the experiments and the results. 22 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 23 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ?Design of SIW Filters O Design strategy of SIW filter The proposed filter is constructed found on the SIW resonator at 60 GHz. The filter is designed and fake using HFSS software. ? ? ? To achieve a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz. To achieve a good passband with small insertion loss 15 dB Here in filter structure, length doubles the size which is 2. 250mm and width w remains the same 1. 025mm. 24 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Filters O Result and Discussion of SIW filter When increasing the distance between the middle of the vias, the two resonant poles are separated to each other more. 25 4.SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Filters O Result and Discussion of SIW filter ? ? ? ? Center frequency = 62. 9 GHz. Bandwidth = 3. 4 GHz (60. 8 64. 2 GHz). Insertion loss = 0. 89 dB within the passband. Return loss = 17. 8 dB within the passband. ? Achieve a wide and indistinct upper-stopband with an insertion loss >15. 0dB. 26 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Power Dividers O Design strategy of SIW power dividers The proposed filter is constructed ground on the SIW resonator at 60 GHz. The filter is designed and simulated using HFSS software. ? ? ? To achieve a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz.To achieve a good passband with small insertion loss around 3 dB To achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss >15 dB The proposed Y-junction power divider is a SIW equivalent of a bifurcate waveguide junction fed by a symmetrical footfall junction. The distance between two discontinues can be optimized to achieve low insertion loss 28. 27 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs ? Design of SIW Power Dividers O Result and Discussion of SIW power dividers ? ? ? ? Center frequency = 62. 5 GHz. Bandwidth = 3. 7 GHz (60. 5 64. 2 GHz). Insertion loss = 3. 87 dB within the passband. Return loss = 10. 5 dB within the passband. ? Achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss >15. 0dB. 28 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 29 4. Conclusion and hereafter Works ? Conclusion O SIW single- and double-row re sonators have been designed and compared.The results matched that higher Q-factor indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy, which demonstrates the validity of the experiments and the results. O W band SIW filter has been designed, evaluated and optimized by HFSS software. The centre frequency of the proposed filter is designed at 62. 9 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3. 4 GHz (60. 864. 2 GHz). O W band SIW power divider has been realized based on the structure of the filter. The power divider is at centre frequency 62. 5 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3. 7 GHz from 60. 5 to 64. 2 GHz. 30 4. Conclusion and Future Works ?Recommendation for Future Works O The numerical analysis may be done for the proposed structures. O The structures can be fabricated and measured to demonstrate the practical realization of the structures. O The insertion loss the filter may be improved based on further modification. O It is possible to widen the bandwidth of the filter. O diffe rent matching networks may be considered to realize better performance of the filter. O Small and efficient filters may be designed based on the modification of the proposed structure. O Balun may be designed based on the proposed SIW power divider. 31 Thank You 32